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Red-bellied piranha
The red-bellied piranha or red piranha (''Pygocentrus nattereri'') is a species of piranha native to South America, found in the Amazon River Basin, coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil, and the basins of the Paraguay and Paraná.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Animal Diversity Web: Pygocentrus nattereri )〕 They are omnivorous foragers and feed on insects, worms, crustaceans and fish. They are not a migratory species, but do travel to seek out conditions conducive to breeding and spawning during periods of increased rainfall. Red-bellied piranhas often travel in shoals as a predatory defense, but rarely exhibit group hunting behavior. Acoustic communication is common, and is sometimes exhibited along with aggressive behaviors. At this time, the red-bellied piranha is not considered to be a threatened species by the IUCN, and therefore, there are no conservation strategies in place to target this species. Through media influence, the red-bellied piranha has developed a reputation as a ferocious predator, though this is not actually the case. They are a popular aquarium fish.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The red-bellied piranha belongs to the subfamily Serrasalminae, which is a group of medium to large-sized characids and includes other closely related omnivores such as pacus.〔(Black-finned Pacu Fish, Colossoma macropomum Profile with care, maintenance requirements and breeding information for your tropical fish ). Badmanstropicalfish.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-13.〕 They are characterized by deep, lateral compressed bodies and long dorsal fins. Within the subfamily, red-bellied piranhas fall into the genera Pygocentrus, which is distinguished by the unusual dentition and differing head width dimensions. The red-bellied piranha is considered to be highly carnivorous, while most non-piranhas in the family are primarily herbivorous. However, it should be noted that red-bellied piranha is actually omnivorous.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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